Terminology

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Terminology

Counting

Counting in Japanese (on a basic level) is really easy, all you really need to know are the Japanese terms for the numbers 1 through 10 after that it is just a matter of remembering to combine these numbers in a specific sequence to get the correct number. Above ten the numbers are pronounced differently: for example the number 11 in Japanese is translated as 10 plus 1. Above the number twenty the numbers are again pronounced in a slightly different manner. For example the number 20 in Japanese translates as 2 - 10's and continuing on therefore, the number 21 would be considered as 2 - 10's plus 1

For example the number 56 would be 5 - 10's plus 6 or gojuroku the number 61 would then be 6 - 10's plus 1 or rokujuichi and so on and so on, easy.

The number 100 is pronounced as hyaku so counting above 100 is basically just a matter of adding the word hyaku in the appropriate place and then following the same general principle for example the number 150 is pronounced as hyakugoju.

1 = ichi (each-e)
11 = ju ichi 30 = san ju 500 = go hyaku

2 = ni (knee) 12 = ju ni 40 = yon ju 600 = roku hyaku

3 = san (saun) 13 = ju san 50 = go ju 800 = hachi hyaku

4 = shi (she) 14 = ju shi / ju yon 60 = roku ju 1,000 = sen

5 = go (go) 15 = ju go 70 = nana ju 5,000 = go sen

6 = roku (row coo) 16 = ju roku 80 = hachi ju 8,000 = hachi sen

7 = shichi (sheech) 17 = ju shichi / ju nana 90 = kyu ju 10,000 = yu man

8 = hachi (hawch) 18 = ju hachi 100 = hyaku 100,000 = yu man

9 = kyu (coo) 19 = ju kyu/ju ku 200 = ni hyaku 1,000,000 = hyaku man

10 = ju (joo) 20 = ni ju 300 = san hyaku ( ) = Pronunciation / = Alternative

Still having trouble remembering these? check out this catchy rap to help you remember http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3won-7W3Js

General

Arigatou = Thank you
Barai = Sweep
Bunkai = Analysis
Chuudan = Mid section
Dan = Step/grade
Do = Way/path
Do-gi = Training uniform
Dojo = Place where karate is practiced
Gedan = Lower section
Gyaku = Reverse
Hai = Yes
Hajime = Begin
Hansei = Command in mediation that means recollect what you have learned in the lesson
Hidari = Left
Hikite = Pulling hand
Ikken Hissatsu = One deadly strike
Joudan = Upper level
Kamiza = Front of the dojo
Karate = Empty hand
Karate do = The way of the empty hand
Karateka = A practitioner of karate
Kata = A form or sequence of techniques
Kiai = A shout, spirit
Kihon = Something which is fundamental. Basic techniques
Kime = Decision. Often described as focus of power, decisive focus
Kiotsuke = Attention
Kyu = Class. Any rank below shodan (first degree black belt)
Maai = Distance
Mawatte = Turn around
Migi = Right
Mokuso = Command in meditation that means clear your mind in preparation for instruction
Obi = Belt
Ossu = A greeting
Rei = Bow
Reigi = Etiquette, manners
Saho = Manners, etiquette
Seiza = Kneel
Senpai = One's senior
Sensei = Teacher
Shodan = First step, first degree black belt
Shomen = Front, front of the dojo
Shugo = Gather, assemble
Tai Sabaki = Body movement/shifting/evasion
Waza = Technique(s), skill
Yame = Stop
Yasumi = Rest
Yoi = Preparation, to get ready
Zanshin = Awareness

Punches

Zuki/Tsuki = Punch
Age Zuki = Rising punch
Awase Zuki = U-punch
Choku Zuki = Straight punch
Dan Zuki = Double punch
Gyaku Zuki = Reverse punch
Hasami Zuki = Scissor punch
Heiko Zuki = Parallel punch
Kagi Zuki = Hook punch
Kizami Zuki = Jab Punch
Morote Zuki = Augmented punch
Oi Zuki = Lunge punch, chasing punch
Ren Zuki = Alternate punch
Tate Zuki = Vertical punch
Ura Zuki = Close punch
Yama Zuki = Mountain punch

Blocks

Uke = Block/To receive
Age Uke = Rising block
Awase Uke = Combined block
Gedan Barai = Downward sweeping block
Haishu Uke = Backhand block
Haitou Uke = Ridge-hand block
Juuji Uke = X block
Kaisho Uke = Open hand block
Kakiwake Uke = Wedge block
Keito Uke = Chicken head block
Kosa Uke = Crossed block
Mikazuki Geri Uke = Crescent kick block
Morote Uke = Augmented block
Osae Uke = Pressing block
Shutou Uke = Knife hand block
Soto Uke = Outside block
Tate Shuto Uke = Vertical knife hand block
Tettsui Uke = Hammer fist block
Uchi Uke = Inside block
Yama Uke = Mountain block

Kicks

Geri/Keri = Kick
Barai = Sweep
Ashi Barai = Foot/Leg sweep
Fumikomi Geri Stamping kick
Kakato Geri = Axe kick
Keage = Snap
Kekomi = Thrust
Mae Geri = Front kick
Mawashi Geri = Roundhouse kick
Mikazuki Geri = Crescent moon kick
Nami Ashi = Returning wave kick
Nidan Geri = Double kick
Tobi Geri = Jump kick
Ushiro Geri = Back kick
Yoko Geri = Side kick

Stances

Dachi = Stance
Fudou dachi = Immovable stance
Gankaku dachi = Crane stance
Hachiji dachi = Open legged stance
Hangetsu dachi = Half moon stance
Heisoku dachi = Parallel stance, heels and toes together
Heiko dachi = Parallel leg stance
Kiba dachi = Horse stance, also know as straddle-leg stance or side stance
Koukutsu dachi = Back stance
Kousa dachi = X stance/Crossed stance
Musubi dachi = Attention stance, heels together, toes face out at 45 degree angles
Neko ashi dachi = Cat stance
Reinoji dachi = L stance
Sanchin dachi = Hourglass stance, also know as three-point stance
Shiko dachi = Square stance, sumo stance
Shizentai = Natural stance
Teiji dachi = T stance
Uchi hachi dachi = Inverted open leg stance
Zenkutsu dachi = Front stance

Kumite

Kumite = sparring or fighting

Gohon kumite = Five step kumite
Happo kumite = Eight direction/man kumite
Jiyu ippon kumite = Free style one step kumite
Jiyu kumite = Free sparring
Kaeshi ippon Kumite = Attack & counter one step kumite
Kihon ippon kumite = Basic one step kumite
Kihon kumite = Basic kumite
Kumite gata = Kumite form

Okuri jiyu ippon kumite = Follow through free style one step kumite
Oyo kumite = Applied kumite
Sanbon kumite = Three step kumite

Shiai kumite = Budo match style kumite
Tanren kumite = Training kumite
Yakusoku jiyu kumite = Promise free sparring
Yakusoku kumite = Promise sparring

Kata

Kata = form or sequence of techniques

Heian Shodan = Peaceful mind first level
Heian Nidan = Peaceful mind second level
Heian Sandan = Peaceful mind third level
Heian Yondan = Peaceful mind fourth level
Heian Godan = Peaceful mind fifth level
Tekki Shodan = Iron horse riding/knight, first level
Tekki Nidan = Iron horse riding/knight, second level
Tekki Sandan = Iron horse riding/knight, third level
Bassai Dai = To penetrate a fortress/remove an obsticle, major/large
Bassai Sho = To penetrate a fortress/remove an obsticle, minor/small
Kanku Dai = Viewing the sky, major/large
Kanku Sho = Viewing the sky. minor/small
Hangetsu = Half moon
Enpi = Flying swallow
Gankaku = Crane on a rock
Jitte = Ten hands
Jion = From the temple of jion
Ji'in = Temple grounds
Chinte = Rare/Unusual hands
Meikyo = Polished mirror
Nijushiho = twenty four steps
Sochin = Unmovable/energetic calm/tranquil force
Wankan = Kings/emperors crown
Unsu = Hands in the clouds
Gojushiho Dai = Fifty four steps, major/large
Gojushiho Sho = Fifty four steps, minor/small